Overview
20-pole, 2.0-Tesla Wiggler, 0.75 mrad, Side Station
Beam line 4-1 is a high-flux station optimized for x-ray absorption spectroscopy and EXAFS experiments requiring x-rays with energies between ~ 6 and 38 keV. This energy range includes most of the transition metals (all rows), lanthanides and actinides, P-block elements, alkaline and alkaline earths. While it is possible to access x-rays as low as 5 keV, these experiments are challenging because of air absorption and are better performed at BL4-3. BL4-1 can accommodate samples containing uranium and other radionuclides, depending upon their radiotoxicity level, activity, shielding requirements, and complexity of the experimental requirements. See additional information below under Sample Environment. The beam line offers low temperature measurements (LN2 and LHe) and a 30-element Ge detector system.
Sample Environment —
Sample Temperature | 10-200 K (cryostats) |
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Sample size | 3 x 20 x 1 mm (standard powder cell), flat wafers up to 2.5 cm diam |
Ambient pressure experiments | |
Minimum Sample Requirement | 1 mM, 100 μl solutions; 100 ppm, 10mg solids |
Other | See Safety page about Radioactive Samples |
Instrumentation —
Detectors | Ionization chambers, Lytle-type fluorescence-yield ion chamber detector, Canberra 30-element Ge solid-state, Vortex SiLi solid state detector for special detection geometry requirements. |
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Cryostat | Oxford Liq-He, LN cryostat for magazine capability and radioactive samples |
Other | Soller slits and scatter-guards |
Specifications
Technical Specifications
Energy —
Energy Range | Resolution ΔE/E | Spot Size | Flux | |
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Unfocused | 5500-38000 eV | 1 x 10-4 | 4 x 18mm | 2 x 1012 |
Collimated | 5000-23000 eV | 1 x 10-4 | 2 x 18mm | 2 x 1012 |
Optics —
M0 | Monochromator |
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Vertically collimating, flat, bent,1 m, Si, Rh-coated | Liquid N2 cooled, Si(220), ϕ = 0o & 90o, double-crystal, variable-exit geometry |
Absorption —
N/A |
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Publications
Publications
Highlights
Science Highlights
Beam Line 4-1 Science Highlights
Copper and Zinc Forms in Bottom Ash from Solid Waste Incineration
Reversible Cation and Anion Redox in Lithium-rich Sulfide Battery Cathodes
Copper Mobilization and Immobilization along an Organic Matter and Redox Gradient – Insights from a Mofette Site
Empowering Multicomponent Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries by Exploring Three-dimensional Compositional Heterogeneities
Activation of MnO2 Catalysts by Mn3+ Ions
Redox-transformation Kinetics of Aqueous Thio-arsenic Species Determining Arsenic Sequestration by Organic Thiol Groups of Peat
Finding a Needle in the Haystack: Identification of Functionally Important Minority Phases in an Operating Battery
Operando Spectroscopic Microscopy of LiCoO2 Cathodes Outside Standard Operating Potentials
An Oxygen-insensitive Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Coated by a Molybdenum-based Layer for Overall Water Splitting
Direct and Efficient Utilization of Solid-phase Iron by Diatoms
Biogenic Non-crystalline Uranium Identified as the Major Component of Uranium Roll-fronts
Persistent State-of-Charge Heterogeneity in Fully Relaxed Battery Electrode Particles
Measuring Real-time Biological and Abiotic Manganese Oxide Reduction
Effect of an Ultrathin Coating on Stabilizing Li-ion Battery Cathodes
Using r-Space Phase Information in EXAFS to Characterize Possible Off-center Displacements in PbTe
Using X-rays to Find an Evolutionary Step in the Origin of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Holey Germanium - New Routes to Ordered Nanoporous Semiconductors
Investigations to Identify the Soluble, Non-pertechnetate Species in the High-level Nuclear Waste at the Hanford Site
Fate and Stability of Cr Following Reduction by Microbially Generated Fe(II)
Experimental Station 4-1
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