Efficient harvesting and converting solar energy into chemical energy is a fundamental challenge and opportunity in the pursuit of future, distributed energy solutions. Solar technologies convert sunlight into electricity and chemicals, and the development of efficient solar energy harvesting solutions is crucial for both large-scale power generation and localized chemicals production technologies. At SSRL, we enable advanced x-ray techniques to investigate and enhance both photoabsorbers and photocatalysts used in solar technologies. Photoabsorbers are materials that capture sunlight and convert it into electrical energy, while photocatalysts directly convert sunlight into chemical energy, enabling the production of solar fuels such as hydrogen. Research performed at SSRL focuses on improving the efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of these materials. By studying their atomic and molecular structures, scientists gain insights into how they can be optimized for better performance, including their interaction with light, and the efficient use of the charge carriers under various conditions. Such work aims to accelerate the development of innovative solar energy solutions, ultimately contributing to a more resilient energy landscape.