Catalysis and chemistry are crucial drivers of the global economy and human prosperity. They are indispensable in the production of fuels and in chemical and materials synthesis, with catalysts facilitating over 80% of all chemical products and carbon-based energy carriers. Chemistry and catalysis play a significant role in fertilizer production to support the Earth’s burgeoning population, and in lowering the cost and improving the selectivity of chemical manufacturing. Continuous efforts are essential to deepen our understanding of catalytic reactions, optimizing efficiency and tailoring catalysts for desired products, whether through improving existing designs or pioneering new innovations. At SSRL, our catalysis program is focused on understanding the active catalyst structure that directs chemical transformations at molecular and sub-molecular levels. Our overarching goal is to introduce novel catalytic concepts and catalysts that enable the production of fuels and chemicals more efficiently, using both fossil and other resources. Through SSRL's advanced x-ray spectroscopy, imaging, scattering, and diffraction capabilities, our program strives to lead advancements toward a more energy efficient future, benefiting society at large.