A number of themes emerged. First, it is apparent that as medicine is becoming molecular, researchers in this discipline are focusing on ever more detailed use of information to understand disease and design drugs to intervene. The initial medical use of synchrotron radiation in coronary angiography studies continues to evolve and the images have reached exceedingly high quality. Capillary perfusion of the myocardium is now being quantified. Striking images of the interior of the ossicles were presented, and new approaches to the study of pulmonary airways, the lung parenchyma, the cerebral vasculature and the choroid plexus were discussed. Novel approaches have resulted in substantial improvements in breast imaging.

Many of the advances are the result of new optical systems based on phase contrast, x-ray interferometry, and diffraction enhanced imaging. The latter method is under development in a number of laboratories. Novel dark field images were presented as well. Advances are also being made in radiotherapy using microbeams and Auger electrons.